Viral infection: hepatitis B, hepatitis C (by causing cryoglobulinaemia), human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) and haemorrhagic fever (eg, dengue).Ĭancer is found in fewer than 5% of patients with cutaneous small vessel vasculitis.Bacterial infection: Streptococcus pyogenes, bacterial endocarditis.InfectionĮxamples of infections associated with cutaneous small vessel vasculitis include: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs).įoods and food additives, for example, tartrazine, are rare causes of vasculitis.Oral anticoagulants, such as warfarin and coumarin.The onset of vasculitis is often 7–10 days after the introduction of new medicine, such as: In most cases, an underlying cause is not found Drugsĭrugs are frequently responsible for cutaneous small vessel vasculitis, particularly in association with infection, malignancy or autoimmune disorders. In the past, it was frequently seen with administration of antisera ( serum sickness) but is now more often due to drugs, infections and disease. Vasculitis can be triggered by one or more factors. Indirect injury through activation of complement, a group of proteins in the blood and tissue fluids that attack infection and foreign bodies.Indirect injury by activation of antibodies.Direct injury to the vessel wall by bacteria or viruses.Many different insults may cause an identical inflammatory response within the blood vessel wall. Secondary cutaneous small vessel vasculitis often affects older people, because they are more likely to have diseases and medications (alone or in combination) that are potential causes of vasculitis. Children are more likely to have Henoch-Schönlein purpura, a distinctive vasculitic syndrome associated with deposits of IgA in the skin and kidneys. Who gets cutaneous small vessel vasculitis?Ĭutaneous small vessel vasculitis mainly affects adults of all races over the age of 16. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss).Recurrent cutaneous necrotising eosinophilic vasculitis.Malignant atrophic papulosis (Degos disease).Polyarteritis nodosa (which also affects medium-sized vessels).There are particular types of small vessel vasculitis that present with similar cutaneous signs and should be considered in the differential diagnosis. The term hypersensitivity vasculitis is used for cutaneous small vessel vasculitis due to known drug or infection. Small vessel vasculitis is also called immune complex small vessel vasculitis. It may be neutrophilic, lymphocytic or granulomatous on histopathology.Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis can be idiopathic/ primary, or secondary to infection, drug or disease.In the skin, small vessel vasculitis presents with palpable purpura. Small vessel vasculitis is the most common form of vasculitis affecting arterioles and venules. Cutaneous vasculitis is associated with systemic vasculitis in a minority of patients.There are several types of cutaneous vasculitis.There are a wide variety of clinical presentations.These may include capillaries, arterioles, venules and lymphatics. Vasculitis is a disorder in which there are inflamed blood vessels.
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